Kia Forte: Body Electrical System / Smart Key System

Kia Forte 2019-2024 (BD) Service Manual / Body Electrical System / Smart Key System

Specifications

Smart Key Unit

Items	Specification
Rated voltage	DC 12 V
Operation voltage	DC 9 - 16 V
Operation temperature	-22 to 167°F (-30 to 75°C)

RF Receiver

Items	Specification
Frequency	433.92 MHz
Antenna type	FSK

Smart Key

Items

Specification

Battery

Lithium battery 3V 1 unit

Distance

- The distance over which RF(Radio Frequency) Receiver can receive a FOB transmission signal : 30m
- The distance over which LF(Low Frequency) antenna(Outer Handle/ Trunk/ Trunk) can detect FOB : 0.7m

Battery life

More than 2 years (10 times / a day)

•	An inappropriately disposed battery can be harmful to the environment and human health.

•	Dispose the battery according to your local law(s) or regulation.

Push buttons

3 (Door lock / unlock, Trunk)

Frequency (Rx)

125 kHz

Frequency (Tx)

433.92 MHz

Numbers

2 units

Antenna

Items	Specification
Rated voltage	DC 12 V
Operating voltage	DC 9 - 16 V
Operation temperature	-22 to 167°F (-30 to 75°C)
Frequency	125kHz
Numbers	Interior (3 units), Door (2 units), Bumper (1 unit)

Components and components location

Components (1)

[4DR]

1. Integrated body control unit (IBU)
2. Interior antenna 1
3. Interior antenna 2

4. Buzzer
5. Door handle & door antenna

[5DR]

1. Integrated body control unit (IBU)
2. Interior antenna 1
3. Interior antenna 2

4. Buzzer
5. Door handle & door antenna

Components (2)

[4DR]

1. Trunk antenna
2. Trunk lid handle

3. Bumper antenna

[5DR]

1. Trunk antenna
2. Trunk lid handle

3. Bumper antenna

Description and operation

Description

Block Diagram

Abbreviation	Abbreviation Explanation
ACU	Airbag Control Unit
MDPS	Motor Driven Power Steering
LKA	Land Keeping Assist
BCW	Blind-Spot Collision Warning
IBU	Integrated Body Control Unit
ICU	Integrated Central Control Unit
MTC	Manual Temp Control
DATC	Dual Automatic Temp Control
ODS	Occupant Detection System
PCU	Powertrain Control Module
ABS	Anti-Lock Braking System

The SMART KEY system is a system that allows the user to access and operate a vehicle in a very convenient way. To access the vehicle, no traditional key or remote control unit is needed.

The user carries a SMART KEY FOB which does not require any conscious actions by the user (e.g. operate a RKE button). The SMART KEY system is triggered by pressing a push button in the door handle.

After being triggered the vehicle sends out a request in a limited range. If the SMART KEY FOB receives this request, it automatically sends a response to the vehicle. Then the system decides whether to perform a particular action (unlocking, locking…) or remain inactive.

Again, a communication between the vehicle and the SMART KEY FOB is needed before any actions will be performed.

The System offers the following features :

•	Passive unlock via 4 doors

•	Passive locking via 4 doors

•	Passive start

•	Passive access trunk via the trunk lid switch at the trunk

•	Max. 2 fobs can be handled by the system

•	Immobilizer backup antenna driver integrated into SSB for TP authentication (i.e. limp home mode)

•	Communication with engine management system

•	Communication with SRX

•	LF-RF communication

1.	Passive unlock The system allows the user to access (unlock) the vehicle without performing any actions with the SMART KEY FOB.

2.	Passive locking The system allows the user to lock the vehicle by pushing a button on door handle with the SMART KEY FOB.

3.	Button start The system allows the user to switch the power modes (Off, Accessory, Ignition), as well as to start and stop the vehicle’s engine without performing any actions with the SMART KEY FOB. See Button Engine Start system specification.

4.	LIMP HOME Mode Additionally, the system offers so called “limp home mode”, which is the user can operate all vehicle functions by pushing the key into the SSB.

Operation

Passive Functions

The system allows the user to access the vehicle without having to perform any actions (e.g. RKE button pressing) with the SMART KEY FOB. It is sufficient that a valid SMART KEY FOB is located within a defined and limited range with respect to the vehicle. So the system is capable of detecting and authenticating a SMART KEY FOB in the ranges as specified below.

Operating Range

The SMART KEY FOB receives and interprets a challenge sent from the vehicle via the exterior antennas in a free space range of min. 0.7 m measured around the exterior antennas which are integrated in the door handles.

The trunk or trunk access range is also min. 0.7 m measured from the antenna position.

Passive Access (Passive Entry)

Pressing one of the push buttons in the door handles when all doors are locked indicates the operator's intention to access the vehicle and thus triggers the system to unlock.

Passive Locking (Exit)

Press one of the push buttons in the door handles when one of the following conditions is fulfilled:

•	At least one door is unlocked and two-step timer is not running or.

•	Two-step timer is running and one of the push buttons except the front left-hand side is triggered to indicate the operator's intention to lock the vehicle and thus trigger the system to lock.

Passive Trunk Warning (Sedan only)

Whenever the trunk is closed, SMK ECU uses a suitable search strategy to avoid trunk buzzer warning by a fob outside the vehicle. Then SMK searches for a SMART KEY FOB in the interior of the trunk. If a valid SMART KEY FOB is found in the trunk, the SMK ECU activates SMK external buzzer (TBD) to inform the user that the trunk has been closed with a fob inside the trunk.

SMK will send the trunk open command to IBU for trunk reopening if trunk reopening bit is set (BK). For this functionality, a “valid” SMART KEY FOB means any SMART KEY FOB that belongs to the vehicle, even if it’s DEACTIVATED.

•	A blind spot in the trunk similar to any RF disturbance may lead to no trunk warning. Due to the penetration of the bumper antenna into the trunk area the lid may open without an Identification Device outside.

•	A blind spot in the trunk similar to any RF disturbance may lead to no trunk warning.

Smart Trunk

When a valid smart key stays near the rear bumper (within LF antenna range) for over 3 seconds, trunk will be opened.

Activate the 'handsfree trunk' function from the User Setting Mode (USM) of the cluster.

1.	Rear bumper antenna constantly detects for a valid smart key nearby.

If a valid smart key enters the rear bumper antenna range, the buzzer and hazard lamp will be activated once.

•	Smart key unit can detect smart keys within 0.7 - 1 m from the rear bumper.

•	If the key stays within the range, the buzzer and hazard lamp will be activated once every second.

3.	If the Smart Key remains in the rear bumper detection range (antenna range) for over 3 seconds, alert buzzer and hazard lamp will be activated twice and the trunk will be opened.

Welcome Light

When a driver holding a smart key approaches the vehicle, the door mirrors and puddle lamps will be controlled by smart key authentication.

Access to welcome light search mode (Mode that regularly searches for smart key to prevent discharge of vehicle battery)

–	Vehicle converts to armed state by RKE locking or passive locking by the driver.

–	Smart key (SMK) unit searches for deactivation by operating the interior antennas.

–	If smart key is not found inside the vehicle, the smart key (SMK) unit will operate door handle antenna to search for driver approaching the vehicle.

–	Smart key (SMK) unit searches for 3 seconds 3 times by operating the door handle antenna, and if the key is not found for all 3 times, it will enter welcome light search mode.

–	If the door mirror connection mode is activated, the mirror folding operation will be engaged.

Welcome light ON

–	In welcome light search mode, smart key is detected when the driver approaches the vehicle.

–	Smart key (SMK) unit sends welcome light ON signal to DDM for 15 seconds via CAN.

–	DDM activates the puddle lamp on the door mirror for 15 seconds. (If the door mirror is connected, mirror unfolding operation will be engaged.)

Smart Key Reminder 1

Preconditions:

–	All terminals "OFF"

–	At least one door open

–	Not locked status (checked by SMK periodically for every 100 ms, as long as CAN/LIN is active)

Event:

•	IF NO FOB-IN ACTIVE SMK performs a search for the fobs in the interior of the vehicle. The same LF-strategy has to be used as it is defined for the ID out warning (registering only, no authentication).

•	IF FOB-IN ACTIVE SMK search valid TP

If no fob or no TP has been found, no action is required.

If any valid fob or valid TP has been found, SMK unlocks the vehicle by sending a CAN Key Reminder unlock message with the fob number.

If any valid fob has been found, SMK unlocks the vehicle by sending a CAN/LIN Key Reminder unlock message with the fob number.

Smart Key Reminder 2

Preconditions:

–	All terminals "OFF"

–	Any door (including trunk) open

–	No FOB-IN & no locking status (checked by SMK periodically for every 100 ms, as long as CAN/LIN is active)

2.	Vehicle action: Closes the last door or trunk with knobs in locked state or with locking in progress

SMK actions:

Checks the locking status for 500 ms after closing the door. If all doors are locked:

•	IF NO FOB-IN ACTIVE SMK searches for fobs in the interior of the vehicle. The same LF-strategy is applied as it is defined for the ID out warning (registering only, no authentication).

•	IF FOB-IN ACTIVE SMK searches for valid TP.

If no fob has been found, no action is required.

If any valid fob has been found, SMK sends unlock command via CAN/LIN and activates ext. buzzer warning.

Smart Key Door Lock Warning

Door Lock Warning 1

1.	If terminal state is ACC or IGN, all doors are closed and user triggers SMK lock, searching starts at the exterior of the vehicle from the side of the trigger.

2.	If no valid Fob is found, no action is required, but if a valid Fob is found, then a Buzzer warning shall be started.

If the following conditions are fulfilled, the lock warning regards the trunk as a door and trunk lock/unlock knob as a door unlock switch:

–	Trunk option is "ON"

–	Trunk lock/unlock option is "ON"

Door Lock Warning 2

1.	If terminal state is OFF, not all doors are closed, and user triggers SMK lock, searching starts at the exterior of the vehicle from the side of the trigger.

2.	If no valid Fob is found, no action is required, but if a valid Fob is found, then a Buzzer warning shall be started.

If the following conditions are fulfilled, the lock warning regards the trunk as a door and trunk lock/unlock knob as a door unlock switch:

–	Trunk option is "ON"

–	Trunk lock/unlock option is "ON"

Door Lock Warning 3

1.	If terminal state is OFF, ATWS is considered as Disarmed, all doors are closed, and user triggers SMK lock, searching will start from the interior of the vehicle.

2.	If no valid Fob is found, the search for SMK locking will start, but if a valid Fob is found, then a Buzzer warning will start.

If the following conditions are fulfilled, the lock warning regards the trunk as a door and trunk lock/unlock knob as a door unlock switch:

–	Trunk option is "ON"

–	Trunk lock/unlock option is "ON"

Smart key Lamp Warning

1.	If terminal state is in ACC or IGN and vehicle speed is less than 3 km/h, a periodic search (for every 3 seconds) is performed from the interior of the vehicle to check that a valid fob is still in the vehicle.

2.	If no valid Fob is found, a warning goes off, but if a valid Fob is found, no action is initiated.

Failsafe Functions (Backup For Limp Home)

In case of a discharged battery of the SMART KEY FOB or disturbed transmission, the following functions are available:

•	Unlocking / locking of doors or trunk: use of mechanical key.

User Information Functions

ID OUT Warning

Preconditions :

•	(ACC or IGN1) & (any door open or trunk open)

2.	Event: The last opened door is closed.

SMK action:

SMK searches for a SMART KEY FOB from the interior.

•	If no valid SMART KEY FOB is found, the SMK activates external buzzer and also sends ID OUT warning via CAN (exterior buzzer warning and internal buzzer warning).

•	If a door is opened and closed again when the terminals are on and valid fob is inside the vehicle, SMK re-enables the authentication and stops the warning. If the terminal is in ACC, SMK shall turn on immobilizer lamp.

If there is an LF error (LF overheating or LF antenna failure), the system will behave in the same way as when no fob has been found.

Fob Battery Low Voltage Detection

To detect fob low battery condition, certain battery voltage measurement and low voltage detection strategy are implemented into fob. The measurement of the battery voltage will be done if fob button is pressed or if an LF measurement command is received.

Learning Description

In this chapter, the learning procedure for SMK and FOB is explained.

For the learning of the SMK and FOBs, it's necessary to have a connection to the diagnostic tool.

Learning MODE

Whatever the mode, the learning procedures are managed by the SMK.

Prior to start learning service, Fob-In signal must be active and the vehicle secret code (referred to as PIN code) should be known.

Teaching Mode

This mode is used by dealers to replace SMK and/or the set of keys, or to register additional keys for an existing system. In this case, the system has already learnt certain PIN Code. The PIN Code is fixed for the lifetime of the vehicle, therefore, the same PIN Code must be used in this mode. Otherwise, learning will fail.

Teaching MODE Procedure Description (Step By Step)

Objective : Key teaching procedure at service station

Initial state :

–	SMK replacement: SMK is not learnt and SMART FOB are already learnt with same PIN code

–	Teaching additional or new keys: SMK and ESCL are already learnt with same PIN code

Starting After Replacing (Virgin Start)

Starting is possible in the following process after replacing with a new smart key unit or FOB key.

•	This method is used when starting in virgin condition.

•	All related parts are in virgin condition (Smart key, PCM).

•	Press brake pedal in P or N range.

•	Push the start button once with virgin smart key.

Repair procedures

Inspection

In the body electrical system, failure can be quickly diagnosed by using the vehicle diagnostic system (KDS).

The diagnostic system (KDS) provides the following information.

(1)	Self diagnosis : Checking failure and code number (DTC).

(2)	Current data : Checking the system input/output data state.

(3)	Actuation test : Checking the system operation condition.

(4)	Additional function : Controlling other features including system option setting and zero point adjustment

2.	Select the "Car model" and the 'IBU-SMK' to be checked in order to check the vehicle with the tester.

3.	Select the 'Current Data' menu to search the current state of the input/output data.

4.	If you want to check each module operation forcefully, select "Actuation test".

Antenna Actuation Diagnosis

1.	Connect the cable of KDS to the data link connector in driver side crash pad lower panel.

2.	After IG ON, select the "Actation Test".

3.	Set the smart key near the related antenna and operate it with a KDS.

4.	If the LED of smart key is blinking, the smart key is normal.

5.	If the LED of smart key is not blinking, check the voltage of smart key battery.

Antenna actuation

–	Interior Antenna 1

–	Interior Antenna 2

–	Trunk Antenna

–	Bumper Antenna

–	Driver Door Antenna

–	Assist Door Antenna

Antenna Status Check

1.	Connect the cable of KDS to the data link connector in driver side crash pad lower panel.

2.	Select the "Antenna Status Check".

3.	After IG ON, select the "Antenna Status Check".

4.	Set the smart key near the related antenna and operate it with a KDS.

5.	If the smart key runs normal , the related antenna, smart key(transmission, reception) and exterior receiver are normal.

Antenna status

–	Interior Antenna 1

–	Interior Antenna 2

–	Trunk Antenna

–	Bumper Antenna

–	Driver Door Antenna

–	Assist Door Antenna

FOB Status Check

1.	Connect the cable of KDS to the data link connector in driver side crash pad lower panel.

2.	After IG ON, select the "FOB KEY STATUS INFO".

Smart Key Status Check

1.	Connect the cable of KDS to the data link connector in driver side crash pad lower panel.

2.	After IG ON, select the "SMK STATUS INFO".

Neutralization Status Check

1.	Connect the cable of KDS to the data link connector in driver side crash pad lower panel.

2.	After IG ON, select the "Neutralization mode".

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